Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642, a few months after his father's death. His family belonged to the class of small agricultural owners. It appears that his health was weak or fragile from the beginning, and then his mother married three years after his birth
Then he deposited it with his grandmother and uncle, where he lived his first boy and youth period, but it is considered in one of the meanings that he orphaned the father and mother because he did not live with his father for one hour, but his mother left him at the age of three in order to think about her future and new life. It seems that he was emotionally affected by this situation, and he felt hatred against his mother and his stepfather who took his mother from him and deprived her of her kindness and tenderness .. Perhaps for this reason he never married despite knowing many women. It was hurt indoors indelibly
But his mother returned to the family home and therefore to him in 1653 after the death of her husband, and the age of Isaac was then eleven years. Thus, he was allowed to meet her again, and then she wanted to make him a farmer, but he refused
The author says
In fact, many relatives and friends encouraged him to continue his university studies after they were exposed to signs of intelligence and talent. In 1661 he entered the famous Cambridge College, which geniuses have always graduated. There they learned classical rhetoric, Aristotle's logic, and were influenced by the ideas of Cambridge philosophers and were mostly adherents of Neo-Platonic philosophy
But the plague epidemic led to the closure of the university, as the author says, at which time Isaac returned to his rural village to reflect and reflect on the picturesque nature of the English countryside
In 1667, Newton was elected a member of the faculty of Cambridge College, and he was appointed a university professor in 1669 and his age is not more than twenty-six. In 1672 he became a member of the British Royal Society. It is a high-level scientific position and great honor for its owner.
The author tells us that Isaac Newton used to engage in correspondence from leading scholars of his time, both inside and outside Britain. He was elected by the Academy of Sciences in Paris as a foreign member there in 1699 and then he became president of the British Royal Society in 1703 until his death. Then he reached the height of glory and fame. Indeed, the Queen of Britain awarded him the title of nobility in 1705
At the end of his life he engaged in violent theological and philosophical debates with some of the great philosophers and thinkers, and the most famous of these controversies took place with the great German philosopher Leibniz. Each of them claimed to have preceded the other to a great scientific discovery: it is the account of infinitesimals
Scientists are still debating on this issue yet. Some give the right to Newton and some say that Leibniz was right ... and God knows best
The author believes that the creative years that witnessed the opening of Newton's genius are those that are located in the mid-sixties, especially in the year 1666
In fact, his scientific discoveries shined in his head for the first time in two consecutive years: 1665-1666, and it was known that he was then retreating in the countryside for fear of the plague
He used to live in almost complete unity, devoting all his time to reflecting on the phenomena and laws of nature. Then the famous story that turned into a legend took place. which led to the discovery of gravity law
He is said to have been drenched in meditation one day while he was sleeping under an apple tree. Suddenly an apple fell to his side, and he knew then that the fall was caused by the law of gravity, which pulled things down
All his discoveries in the field of mathematics, optics, and astronomy then took place in a row, then Newton understood the mystery of the universe for the first time and knew the scientific laws that controlled it and did not deviate from its restriction of poetry
Thus, England presented the world with the greatest genius in the field of physical, mathematical and astronomical sciences. It is not strange, then, that it has surpassed all other European nations, including France, its historical competition for greatness and glory
In fact, the countries belonging to the Catholic doctrine of Christianity: that is, Spain, Italy and France were suffocating the scientific spirit due to the prevailing religious fanaticism. The Protestant countries such as England, the Netherlands and Germany were almost free from religious fanaticism. Consequently, it left scientists with the freedom to research and discover the laws of nature and the universe and did not consider this as a challenge to the creator’s ability or a departure from religion
It is not strange, then, that Newton was born a year after the death of Galileo, the founder of modern science, and it is known that Galileo was persecuted by the Catholic Church, and even tried and forced him to retract the scientific facts he had discovered
The author says what it means: Throughout his life, Newton was full of hatred for tyranny and tyranny. Fortunately, he was born in England and not elsewhere. The atmosphere of freedom allowed him to walk in his scientific discoveries to the last extent and he was much happier than his greatest predecessor, GalileoSome scholars believe that Newton's book "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is the most important book that has appeared in the history of science so far, in which it crystallizes the laws of nature and the universe scientifically and in the form of accurate mathematical equations.
Isaac Newton really discovered the mystery of the universe and its mystery, so what do we want next? All the great philosophers were his students, starting with the French Voltaire and ending with Kant the German
In this great book, Newton explained to us the structure and structure of the universe and the mechanical mechanism that drives it. He revealed to us the laws governing galaxies, planets, the sun and the moon, and the effect of all this on earth on the
movement of seas and oceans
For this reason, some of them would see in Newton a kind of "superman" that transcends and transcends the human race! The French scientist, "Laplace", who is considered one of his students and the continuation of his research, said about him that his book will remain the greatest testimony to the depth and greatness of genius. And in it he uncovered for us the greatest law of the universe
The author says a synonym: When Newton discovered the law of cosmic gravity and the calculation of infinitesimals, and the theory of light, he was careful not to make his discoveries public
And this is for reasons including that he had not found mathematical habits to demonstrate the validity of his discoveries
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